Accessible scientific edition
The body is a relationship, not a parts list.
The body becomes intelligible when organs are not treated as isolated objects, but as structures whose position, material, and relationships allow living systems to work.
This text atlas preserves the named structures and source qualifications when interactive 3D is unavailable or undesirable.
01 · ThoraxCardiovascular system
The heart is a muscular pump divided into right and left circuits. Valves maintain one-way movement, the pulmonary circuit exchanges gases through the lungs, and systemic vessels distribute blood through the body.
- Heart
A four-chambered muscular pump at the center of two connected circulatory loops.
reference anatomy - Left ventricle
The thick-walled chamber that propels blood into the aorta and systemic circulation.
reference anatomy - Right ventricle
The chamber that sends venous blood through the pulmonary trunk toward the lungs.
reference anatomy - Atria
The two receiving chambers that pass venous return into the ventricles.
reference anatomy - Four heart valves
Thin tissue structures that keep blood moving in one direction through the chambers.
reference anatomy - Coronary vessels
Surface vessels that supply and drain the heart muscle itself.
reference anatomy - Great vessels
The large arteries and veins that connect the heart with pulmonary and systemic circuits.
reference anatomy
02 · Airway & thoraxRespiratory system
Air passes from the upper airway through the trachea, main bronchi, lobar and segmental bronchi. The lungs are divided into lobes and bronchopulmonary segments that share space with the pulmonary circulation.
- Lungs
Paired thoracic organs organized into lobes and bronchopulmonary segments.
reference anatomy - Trachea
A cartilage-supported airway connecting the larynx to the main bronchi.
reference anatomy - Carina
The internal ridge at the division of the trachea into the main bronchi.
reference anatomy - Main bronchi
The first two branches carrying air from the trachea into each lung.
reference anatomy - Bronchial tree
Repeated airway branches distributing air through lobes and pulmonary segments.
reference anatomy
03 · AbdomenDigestive system
The delivered abdominal reference shows the liver and pancreas in their registered relationship to the small and large intestines. It is a spatial atlas of the supplied organs, not a claim that the entire gastrointestinal tract is present: mouth, oesophagus, stomach, and gallbladder await equally qualified source models.
- Digestive territory
Four source objects shown together in their shared abdominal coordinate frame.
reference anatomy - Liver
A large upper-abdominal organ that processes absorbed material and produces bile.
reference anatomy - Porta hepatis
The transverse gateway where major vessels and ducts enter or leave the liver.
reference anatomy - Pancreas
A glandular organ with digestive and endocrine functions across the upper abdomen.
reference anatomy - Duodenum
The first small-intestinal region, receiving material from the stomach and accessory secretions.
reference anatomy - Jejunum
The middle small-intestinal region where digestion and absorption continue.
reference anatomy - Ileum
The distal small-intestinal region leading to the ileocecal junction.
reference anatomy - Large intestine
The caecum, colon, and rectum that reclaim water and consolidate digestive waste.
reference anatomy - Vermiform appendix
A narrow, blind-ended tube arising from the caecum.
reference anatomy
04 · Retroperitoneum & pelvisUrinary system
The kidneys regulate the composition and volume of body fluids while producing urine. The collecting systems funnel urine into the ureters, the bladder stores it, and the urethra provides an outlet. This is an adult male reference and the urethral anatomy is explicitly sex-specific.
- Urinary tract
Paired filters connected to a muscular reservoir and outlet.
reference anatomy - Kidneys
Paired organs that filter plasma and regulate fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.
reference anatomy - Renal cortex
The outer renal region containing glomeruli and much of the nephron tubule system.
reference anatomy - Renal pyramids
Conical medullary territories that converge toward renal papillae.
reference anatomy - Calyces & renal pelvis
A branching funnel that receives urine and narrows into each ureter.
reference anatomy - Ureters
Paired muscular conduits carrying urine from renal pelves to the bladder.
reference anatomy - Urinary bladder
A distensible pelvic organ that stores urine between voids.
reference anatomy - Bladder trigone
A triangular bladder-base region defined by two ureteral openings and the internal urethral opening.
reference anatomy - Male urethra
The sex-specific tube carrying urine from the bladder to the exterior.
reference anatomy
05 · Brain & spinal axisCentral nervous system
An Allen/HRA adult male brain with 283 named regions is shown in registration with a thirty-segment spinal cord. The exhibit can address organ-scale territories and named nuclei, gyri, tracts, ventricles, and cord segments; it does not invent individual neurons or functional connectivity absent from these meshes.
- Central nervous system
The brain and spinal cord shown as one continuous central anatomical territory.
reference anatomy - Frontal cortical regions
Anterior cortical territories involved in planning, action, language, and executive control.
reference anatomy - Parietal cortical regions
Posterior-superior cortical territories integrating somatic sensation and spatial information.
reference anatomy - Temporal & memory regions
Lateral and medial temporal structures important to audition, recognition, and memory.
reference anatomy - Occipital cortical regions
Posterior cortical territories that participate centrally in visual processing.
reference anatomy - Basal nuclei
Deep paired nuclei that participate in selecting and coordinating action and behavior.
reference anatomy - Thalamic nuclei
Paired deep-brain relay and integration territories composed of many distinct nuclei.
reference anatomy - Cerebellum
A densely folded structure that coordinates movement, timing, balance, and motor learning.
reference anatomy - Corpus callosum
The largest commissural fiber system connecting the two cerebral hemispheres.
reference anatomy - Spinal cord segments
Thirty named source segments spanning cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral levels.
reference anatomy
06 · Paired eyesVisual system
The paired HRA eyes preserve twenty-three named structures per side, from cornea and aqueous chamber to lens, vitreous, retina, macula, fovea, and optic disc. The models are displayed as a magnified organ territory rather than pretending the eye is body-sized.
- Paired eyes
Bilateral optical and neural organs shown at matched magnification.
reference anatomy - Corneas
Clear anterior domes that provide most of the eye's fixed refractive power.
reference anatomy - Iris & pupil
A contractile pigmented diaphragm surrounding the variable optical opening.
reference anatomy - Lenses
Flexible transparent bodies that fine-tune focus onto the retina.
reference anatomy - Retinas
Light-sensitive neural layers converting photons into patterns of electrical activity.
reference anatomy - Macula & fovea
Central retinal territories supporting high-acuity, detailed vision.
reference anatomy - Optic discs
Retinal landmarks where ganglion-cell axons and retinal vessels leave the eye.
reference anatomy
07 · Thymus · spleen · nodeImmune organs
The registered thymus and spleen are paired with a separate generalized lymph-node reference object. The lymph node is a magnifiable structural exemplar, not one body-mapped node. This distinction keeps organ position and organ microarchitecture honest while connecting immune stations conceptually.
- Immune organ stations
A registered thymus and spleen plus a generalized lymph-node structural reference.
reference anatomy - Thymus
A bilobed organ where developing T cells mature and undergo selection.
reference anatomy - Spleen
A blood-filtering immune organ that samples circulating material and supports immune responses.
reference anatomy - Lymph node
A communication hub where lymph-borne material is sampled by organized immune-cell territories.
reference anatomy - Lymph-node follicles
Organized cortical territories associated strongly with B-cell responses.
reference anatomy - Lymph-node paracortex
A deeper cortical territory enriched in T cells and antigen-presenting interactions.
reference anatomy - Lymph-node medulla
The central node territory where sinuses and immune-cell cords converge toward outflow.
reference anatomy
08 · Whole body · 201 named bonesFull skeletal system
This view replaces the earlier pelvis-only slice with 201 separately named bones from the open BodyParts3D reference atlas. It covers the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, shoulder girdles, upper limbs, pelvis, and lower limbs. Cartilage, ligaments, marrow cavities, and muscles are not included in this bone-only source and are not simulated.
- Whole skeleton
A complete articulated reference from the cranial bones to the distal phalanges of the feet.
reference anatomy - Skull
Cranial and facial bones protecting the brain and shaping the orbits, nasal cavity, and jaws.
reference anatomy - Vertebral column
A segmented central column protecting the spinal cord while transmitting load through the trunk.
reference anatomy - Thoracic cage
Ribs and sternum enclosing the thorax while moving with breathing.
reference anatomy - Shoulders & upper limbs
Shoulder girdles and arm, forearm, wrist, hand, and finger bones arranged for reach and dexterity.
reference anatomy - Pelvic girdle
Paired hip bones forming the socket-bearing bridge between the spine and lower limbs.
reference anatomy - Lower limbs & feet
Femora, patellae, leg bones, ankles, feet, and toes forming the principal weight-bearing limbs.
reference anatomy